The Inca Empire

The Inca Empire was a vast and sophisticated civilization in South America, centered in modern-day Peru from the early 15th to the 16th century. Known for impressive engineering, they built extensive roads, terraces, and impressive stone structures like Machu Picchu. They organized a centralized government with a ruler called the Sapa Inca, overseeing agriculture, labor, and tribute systems. The Incas practiced advanced farming techniques, including terracing and irrigation, and had a rich culture with unique art, textiles, and religion focused on sun worship. The empire was abruptly impacted by Spanish conquest in 1533, ending Inca rule and culture.