The Houses of Lancaster and York

The Houses of Lancaster and York were rival factions of the English royal family involved in the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), a series of dynastic conflicts for the throne. Lancaster’s symbol was a red rose, representing their claim, while York’s was a white rose. The conflict arose from disputes over succession and power, resulting in ongoing battles and political instability. The rivalry ended when Henry Tudor of Lancaster defeated Richard III of York at the Battle of Bosworth Field, uniting the two houses and establishing the Tudor dynasty. Their rivalry significantly shaped England’s history during the late Middle Ages.