The History of the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides)

The Peloponnesian War, detailed by Thucydides, was a conflict between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies from 431 to 404 BCE. Athens, leading the powerful Delian League, was influential and ambitious, while Sparta commanded the more land-focused Peloponnesian League. Tensions arose from competition for dominance and different political systems, leading to a brutal, protracted struggle that involved alliances, battles, and diplomatic disputes. Thucydides’ account analyzes the causes, events, and human nature involved, emphasizing how fear, pride, and self-interest fueled the war, ultimately leading to Athens’ defeat and significant shifts in Greek history.