The History of the Ancient World

The history of the Ancient World covers early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China, where humans first established complex societies, writing, and governance around 3000 BCE. It includes the rise of empires such as the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans, shaping culture, politics, and technology. These civilizations made advances in science, art, and philosophy, laying foundations for modern societies. Their interactions, wars, and trade influenced global development. This period set the stage for the medieval era and continues to impact our world today through enduring ideas, institutions, and cultural heritage.