The Geology of Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of mineral and organic particles that settle in water or on land over time. These sediments compact and cement together, creating layers that preserve valuable clues about Earth's history. Types include sandstone, formed from sand; shale, from clay; and limestone, from calcium-rich organisms. Their formation often involves processes like weathering, transportation, and deposition. Sedimentary rocks are important for understanding past environments, climate, and life, and many contain resources like fossils, coal, and hydrocarbons. This layered construction reflects the dynamic history of Earth’s surface and environmental changes over millions of years.