The Fundamentals of Genetics

Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through units called genes, which are made of DNA. Genes contain instructions for building and maintaining an organism, influencing things like eye color or height. These instructions are inherited in patterns, with each person receiving a mix from their parents. Variations in genes, called mutations, contribute to diversity within a species. Understanding genetics helps explain biological differences, inheritance, and how traits are transmitted across generations, forming the foundation for fields like medicine, agriculture, and research.