The French Monarchy in the Middle Ages

The French Monarchy in the Middle Ages, primarily from the 9th to the 15th centuries, was a system of governance led by kings who ruled with divine right, believing their authority came from God. The monarchy was characterized by feudalism, where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service. Notable monarchs, like Philip II and Louis IX, expanded territorial influence and strengthened the crown's power. The period saw conflicts such as the Hundred Years' War, which challenged royal authority and led to significant changes in governance. Ultimately, the monarchy laid the groundwork for a centralized state and future political developments in France.