The French Enlightenment

The French Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in 17th and 18th century France that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and authority. Thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu challenged absolute monarchy and promoted ideas such as freedom of speech, separation of powers, and education reform. They believed human progress was achievable through rational thought and scientific inquiry, inspiring political and social change. This movement helped shape modern democracies and emphasized critical thinking, inspiring a shift away from superstition and dogma toward evidence-based understanding.