The Fourth Turning theory

The Fourth Turning theory suggests history follows recurring cycles, each lasting about 80–100 years, called “turnings,” marked by collective challenges and societal shifts. These turnings include periods of growth, upheaval, and renewal. The fourth turning is a crisis phase where society faces major struggles, often leading to significant change or transformation. After crisis, a new societal order emerges. The theory, proposed by William Strauss and Neil Howe, emphasizes that understanding these cycles can help anticipate societal trends and challenges, emphasizing that history isn’t random but follows predictable patterns of collective behavior.