The Four Tendencies (Gretchen Rubin)

The Four Tendencies, developed by Gretchen Rubin, categorize how people respond to expectations: internal (self-imposed) and external (others' expectations). Upholders readily meet both expectations; they follow rules and goals quickly. Thinkers who are Obligers tend to meet external expectations but may struggle with internal ones, often needing accountability. Questioners question expectations and only follow them if they make sense; they prefer logic and rationale. Rebels resist both types of expectations, valuing independence and originality, making choices based on their own desires. Understanding these tendencies helps tailor motivation and habits for different personality styles.