The Four Reigns

The Four Reigns refer to the traditional Filipino concept describing distinct periods of societal change: the Pre-Spanish era marked by indigenous kingdoms and local customs; the Spanish era, characterized by colonization, Christianization, and influence on culture; the British and American periods, which introduced new governance, education, and modernization; and the Post-War or Contemporary era, reflecting independence, national identity, and ongoing development. These phases highlight the Philippines' rich history, emphasizing how each era shaped its cultural, political, and social identity over time.