The Four Horsemen (Gottman)

The Four Horsemen, identified by psychologist Dr. John Gottman, are four negative communication behaviors that predict relationship failure if persistent. They are Criticism (attacking partner's character), Contempt (disrespect and disdain), Defensiveness (protecting oneself instead of addressing issues), and Stonewalling (withdrawal or shutting down). These behaviors erode trust and intimacy over time. Recognizing and addressing the Four Horsemen early can help partners improve their communication, nurture understanding, and strengthen their relationship. Gottman emphasizes replacing these with positive habits like respectful dialogue and empathy to foster healthier connections.