the Fortifications of Copenhagen

The Fortifications of Copenhagen were defensive structures built around the city to protect against invasions and attacks from enemies. Developed over several centuries, they included a series of walls, bastions, moats, and waterways that formed a protective barrier. These fortifications evolved from medieval walls to more advanced star-shaped ramparts in the 17th and 18th centuries, reflecting changing military technology. Today, many of these structures are preserved as historical landmarks or parks, offering insight into Copenhagen’s strategic importance and architectural history while serving as a cultural heritage site.