The file drawer problem

The file drawer problem refers to a bias in scientific research where studies with null or negative results—those that don’t find a significant effect—are less likely to be published. As a result, only positive or significant findings see the light of day, while non-confirming data are tucked away in the researcher’s “file drawer.” This creates a distorted view of evidence, making it seem as though an effect is stronger or more consistent than it actually is, which can mislead future research and decision-making.