The Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic empire established in North Africa in 909 CE by a Shiite Muslim dynasty claiming descent from the Prophet Muhammad’s granddaughter, Fatima. It grew to control parts of North Africa, Egypt, and the Middle East, establishing a rich cultural and scientific center in Cairo. The Fatimids promoted arts, learning, and trade, and built impressive architecture like Al-Azhar Mosque. They also challenged Sunni Muslim authorities, fostering a distinct Shiite identity. The caliphate persisted until 1171 CE, influencing Islamic culture and politics, and leaving a legacy of governance, scholarship, and architecture in the Muslim world.