The Extractive Metallurgy of Copper

The extractive metallurgy of copper involves obtaining pure copper from its naturally occurring ore. First, copper ore (containing copper minerals like chalcopyrite) is mined and crushed. The crushed ore is then subjected to crushing and grinding to increase surface area. It undergoes concentration through flotation, where copper-rich particles are separated from waste. The concentrated ore is smelted at high temperatures in a furnace, producing molten copper and slag. The molten copper is refined using electrolysis, where impurities are removed, resulting in high-purity copper suitable for industrial use. This process efficiently transforms raw ore into valuable copper metal.