The Evolution of Disease

The evolution of disease describes how pathogens like bacteria and viruses change over time. As they replicate, they acquire mutations—small genetic changes—that can make them more contagious, better at evading immune responses, or resistant to treatments. These changes happen naturally and can lead to new strains or variants. This ongoing process influences how diseases spread, their severity, and how we develop vaccines and medicines. Understanding disease evolution helps scientists anticipate future outbreaks and adapt public health strategies accordingly.