the enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a specialized network of nerves located in the walls of your gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). It functions somewhat independently, managing digestion by regulating muscle contractions, enzyme release, and blood flow to ensure food moves smoothly through your system. Often called the "second brain," the ENS communicates with your central nervous system but can also operate on its own. This complex system is essential for normal digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall gut health, containing around 100 million neurons—more than in the spinal cord!