The English Conquest of Wales

The English conquest of Wales occurred during the 13th century, mainly under King Edward I, who sought to incorporate Wales into his kingdom. This involved a series of military campaigns between 1277 and 1283, culminating in the defeat of Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Edward built castles and implemented English law to establish control, effectively ending Welsh independence. In 1284, the Welsh Laws were replaced by English ones, and Wales became part of the English realm. This conquest significantly shaped Welsh history, leading to cultural and political integration with England over time.