The Encoding/Decoding Model

The Encoding/Decoding Model explains how messages are communicated and understood. "Encoding" is when the sender creates a message—like speaking or writing—using words and symbols. "Decoding" is when the receiver interprets and makes sense of that message. Successful communication depends on how well the receiver understands the intended meaning. This model highlights that interpretation can vary based on individual backgrounds, experiences, and context, meaning messages may not always be understood as originally intended. It emphasizes the dynamic, two-way process where meaning is created through the interaction between the sender and receiver.