The Earth System

The Earth System encompasses all interactions among the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land), biosphere (living things), and cryosphere (frozen regions). These components continuously exchange matter and energy, shaping weather, climate, and ecosystems. Human activities also influence these processes, impacting everything from ocean currents to climate patterns. Understanding the Earth System helps us see how natural forces and human actions are interconnected, emphasizing the importance of preserving ecosystem balance and sustainable resource use for the health of our planet.