The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes)

*The Decline of the West* by Oswald Spengler argues that civilizations have life cycles similar to living organisms, each going through growth, maturity, and decline. Spengler suggests Western civilization has reached its final stage of cultural vitality, loss of innovative spirit, and moral weakening. He views history as a series of distinct, cyclical cultures with unique characteristics, rather than linear progress. The book emphasizes that civilizations’ decline is inevitable, driven by internal dynamics, and cannot be reversed, offering a perspective that encourages understanding of cultural change as a natural, organic process.