The Covenanting Wars

The Covenanting Wars were a series of conflicts in 17th-century Scotland, driven by disputes over religious practices and government control. Different groups, mainly Presbyterians and Royalists, fought to determine how religion should be practiced and who should have authority—church or king. These wars involved political, religious, and social tensions, leading to multiple outbreaks of violence. Ultimately, they were part of broader struggles to define Scotland’s religious identity and governance, shaping its history and laying the groundwork for future independence movements.