The contrasting conception of logic

The contrasting views of logic generally fall into two categories: classical and non-classical. Classical logic sees logic as a set of universal rules for valid reasoning, based on clear truths and consistency, like math. Non-classical logic challenges this, allowing for more flexible or context-dependent reasoning, accommodating uncertainties, contradictions, or changing information. While classical logic emphasizes absolute correctness, non-classical approaches recognize that real-world reasoning often involves nuances and complexities that don't fit strict, traditional rules. Both aim to understand how we think and decide, but they differ in how rigid or adaptable they see the rules of reasoning to be.