the cognitive load theory

Cognitive Load Theory suggests that our brain has a limited capacity for processing new information at one time. When learning, if too much information is presented all at once or in complex ways, it can overwhelm this capacity, making understanding difficult. To improve learning, instruction should reduce unnecessary mental effort (extraneous load), organize information clearly, and build on prior knowledge (intrinsic load), so the brain can focus on grasping key concepts without overload. This approach helps learners process, retain, and apply new information more effectively.