The Civil War Era

The Civil War Era (1861-1865) was a pivotal period in U.S. history, primarily fought over slavery and states' rights. The northern states (Union) sought to preserve the nation and end slavery, while the southern states (Confederacy) aimed to maintain their economic dependence on slavery and promote regional independence. The war resulted in significant loss of life and marked the end of slavery through the 13th Amendment. It also transformed the nation’s identity, reinforcing federal authority and setting the stage for future civil rights struggles.