The Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals

Chemical bonds are connections between atoms that hold molecules and crystals together. These bonds form through interactions like sharing electrons (covalent bonds), transferring electrons (ionic bonds), or weaker forces (van der Waals). The arrangement of atoms within a molecule or crystal determines its structure, influencing its properties. Molecules are discrete groups of atoms bonded in specific shapes, while crystals have a repeating, ordered pattern of atoms extending in three dimensions. Understanding these bonds and structures explains how materials behave, their strength, reactivity, and other characteristics fundamental to chemistry and materials science.