the Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire, established by Charlemagne in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, was a vast territory across Western and Central Europe. It marked a revival of learning, culture, and political organization following the decline of the Roman Empire. Charlemagne united many regions through conquest and alliances, promoting Christianity and administrative reforms. The empire laid foundations for modern European identities and governance, influencing later medieval societies. After Charlemagne’s death, the empire eventually divided, but its legacy persisted in cultural, religious, and political developments throughout Europe.