The Boundary Treaty (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)

The Boundary Treaty, known as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), ended the Mexican-American War and established the border between the United States and Mexico. Mexico ceded large territories, including California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of several other states, in exchange for $15 million. The treaty clarified the boundary as along the Rio Grande for Texas and set the U.S.-Mexico border along existing geographical markers. It also granted Mexican residents in the new U.S. territories certain rights. Overall, the treaty significantly expanded U.S. territory and shaped the modern borders of North America.