The Bishop's War

The Bishop's War (1639–1640) was a conflict between England and Scotland, triggered by disagreements over religious practices and policies imposed by King Charles I. Scotland, predominantly Presbyterian, resisted the king’s efforts to enforce Anglican-style rituals. The unrest escalated into armed confrontation, with Scottish forces invading northern England. The war ended with the Treaty of Ripon, which required the English to pay for Scottish military occupation and signaled growing tensions between the monarchy and its subjects. It was a precursor to the wider English Civil War, reflecting deep divisions over religion and governance.