The Big Smoke (nickname for London)

"The Big Smoke" is a nickname for London, England's capital city. It originated during the Industrial Revolution when the city experienced heavy air pollution from coal burning, causing frequent, thick smoke clouds. The name captures London’s historical association with industrial activity and its often foggy, smoggy atmosphere. Today, it’s used affectionately and historically to refer to the city’s bustling, dynamic character, combining tradition with modernity. The nickname reflects London's long-standing identity as a major global metropolis with a rich cultural and industrial heritage.