The Bell Curve (by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray)

"The Bell Curve," by Herrnstein and Murray, argues that intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, plays a significant role in shaping social outcomes like education, employment, and economic status. They suggest that intelligence distribution follows a bell-shaped curve, with most people near average and fewer at extreme ends. The book discusses how cognitive ability influences individual success and examines social policies, often highlighting differences across racial and socioeconomic groups. While controversial, it emphasizes the importance of understanding cognitive differences in addressing societal challenges, advocating for policies that consider these factors without oversimplifying or stigmatizing individuals.