The Annals of Spring and Autumn

The Annals of Spring and Autumn is an ancient Chinese historical record covering the period from 722 to 481 BCE. It is a concise chronicle that documents major events, political changes, and notable occurrences during the Spring and Autumn period. Attributed to Confucius or his followers, it emphasizes moral judgments and reflects the values and struggles of this era’s feudal states. Its purpose was to record history with brevity and moral insight, influencing later Chinese historiography and philosophy by emphasizing ethical conduct and the importance of righteous governance.