The Anatomy of Vertebrates

The anatomy of vertebrates, such as mammals, birds, and fish, revolves around their backbone, which provides support and protects the spinal cord—a vital part of the nervous system. They have a head with a brain, sensory organs, and jaws; a trunk containing the heart, lungs, and digestive organs; and limbs or fins for movement. Their skeletal system is made of bones or cartilage, offering structure and protection. Inside, muscles enable movement, and a complex network of nerves transmits signals. This organized structure helps vertebrates adapt to diverse environments and perform various functions essential for survival.