the AIDS Pandemic

The AIDS pandemic is caused by the spread of HIV, a virus that attacks the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections. Transmitted mainly through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding, HIV can develop into AIDS if untreated. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, leading to severe illnesses and potentially death. Since the late 20th century, millions worldwide have been affected, prompting global efforts in prevention, testing, and treatment with antiretroviral drugs to reduce transmission and improve quality of life.