The AIDS epidemic

The AIDS epidemic is caused by the spread of HIV, a virus that weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections. If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS, the most advanced stage, where serious illnesses can occur. HIV is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. Advances in medicine, especially antiretroviral therapy, have made HIV a manageable condition, allowing many people to live long, healthy lives. Global efforts focus on prevention, testing, and treatment to reduce the impact of the epidemic.