The 2nd Law

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in an isolated system, disorder or entropy tends to increase over time. This means processes naturally move toward equilibrium and randomness, making it impossible to completely convert energy from one form to another without some loss, often as heat. For example, when hot coffee cools, its temperature decreases because heat disperses into the surrounding air. This law explains why perpetual motion machines are impossible and underpins our understanding of natural processes, energy transfer, and the eventual "winding down" of systems toward disorder.