the 19th-century prison reform movement

The 19th-century prison reform movement sought to improve the treatment and management of prisoners, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment. Reformers believed prisons should focus on reforming offenders through education, moral education, and vocational training, rather than simply punishing them. This era saw the development of new prison models, like the "Auburn" and "Pennsylvania" systems, promoting discipline and solitary confinement. The movement also aimed to reduce overcrowding and improve prison conditions. Overall, it marked a shift towards a more humane and constructive approach to criminal justice, laying the groundwork for modern correctional systems.