TGF-β signaling

TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) signaling is a process where a protein called TGF-β communicates with cells to regulate their behavior, growth, and function. When TGF-β binds to specific receptors on a cell’s surface, it triggers a chain reaction inside the cell that influences gene activity. This pathway helps control processes like tissue repair, immune response, and cell growth. Proper TGF-β signaling is essential for maintaining healthy tissue balance, and disruptions can lead to diseases like cancer or fibrosis. In summary, TGF-β acts as a key regulator that helps cells coordinate important biological functions.