TGF-beta signaling pathway

TGF-beta signaling is a process where a protein called TGF-beta binds to specific receptors on cell surfaces, activating a chain of internal signals. This pathway helps regulate cell growth, division, and differentiation, maintaining tissue health and preventing abnormal growth. When TGF-beta binds to its receptors, it triggers molecules inside the cell that move to the nucleus to influence gene activity. This signaling is crucial for processes like healing, immune response, and controlling cancer development. Proper functioning of TGF-beta signaling ensures balanced cell behavior, but disruptions can contribute to diseases such as fibrosis and cancer.