TGF-beta signaling

TGF-beta signaling is a process where a specific protein called TGF-beta communicates with cells to regulate their behavior. It binds to receptors on the cell surface, triggering a chain reaction inside the cell that controls functions like growth, division, and repair. This pathway helps maintain tissue health, control immune responses, and prevent abnormal cell growth. Proper TGF-beta signaling is essential for normal development and healing, but if it malfunctions, it can contribute to diseases such as cancer and fibrosis.