Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an analytical technique that uses short pulses of terahertz radiation—between infrared and microwave frequencies—to examine materials. A femtosecond laser generates these pulses, which pass through or reflect off a sample. By measuring how the terahertz waves change—such as their speed, absorption, or reflection—scientists can identify the sample’s composition, structure, or electrical properties. THz-TDS is valuable because it provides detailed information without damaging the material and can analyze both physical and chemical characteristics with high precision, making it useful in fields like materials science, security, and biomedical research.