Teorema de van Kampen

The Van Kampen theorem is a concept from algebraic topology that helps us understand the shape or structure of a space made up of smaller, connected pieces. It states that if you have a space that can be divided into parts that overlap, you can determine the overall structure by examining these individual parts and their overlaps. Essentially, it allows us to compute the "holes" or fundamental characteristics of complex spaces by analyzing simpler, manageable sections. This is useful in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and data analysis, where understanding complex shapes is essential.