TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic) Modes

Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) modes are a way that electromagnetic signals, such as radio waves, travel through certain types of cables or waveguides. In TEM modes, both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular (transverse) to the direction of wave propagation. This mode allows efficient signal transmission with minimal interference because there’s no component of the electric or magnetic field aligned along the direction of travel. TEM modes are commonly used in coaxial cables, for example, in radio and television transmitters, because they support clear, high-quality signal propagation with low loss.