Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa

Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, also known as the Ottoman Special Organization, was an intelligence and special operations agency active during World War I. Founded in 1913, it conducted espionage, sabotage, and guerrilla activities in the Ottoman Empire and against enemy states, particularly during wartime. It employed covert agents, spies, and trained operatives to gather intelligence and carry out disruptive missions. The organization played a crucial role in Ottoman wartime efforts, operating outside formal military channels, and laid the groundwork for later intelligence agencies in Turkey.