TAFs (TBP-associated factors)

TAFs, or TBP-associated factors, are specialized proteins that assist the TATA-binding protein (TBP) in initiating gene transcription—the process of copying DNA into messenger RNA. Together, they form a complex called the TFIID complex, which helps position the machinery necessary for gene expression at specific DNA regions called promoters. TAFs ensure that genes are accurately and efficiently turned on or off by aiding TBP in recognizing promoters and assembling the transcription machinery. In essence, TAFs are essential regulators that facilitate precise control of gene activation within cells.