T-Cell Differentiation

T-cell differentiation is the process by which stem cells in the bone marrow develop into specialized T cells, a type of immune cell. These cells mature in the thymus gland, where they learn to recognize and respond to specific threats like viruses and bacteria. During this process, they undergo genetic changes that determine their future role—some become helper T cells that coordinate immune responses, while others become cytotoxic T cells that directly attack infected cells. This differentiation ensures the immune system can effectively identify and combat a wide range of pathogens, maintaining the body's defense mechanisms.