Synthesis of non-crystalline materials

The synthesis of non-crystalline materials involves creating substances that lack a regular, repeating atomic structure, unlike crystals. This process typically entails cooling or solidifying a liquid rapidly to "freeze" atoms in a disordered state, or depositing atoms layer by layer without allowing them to form an organized pattern. Techniques include melt quenching, vapor deposition, or chemical methods. These materials, such as glass or certain amorphous thin films, often have unique optical, electrical, or mechanical properties that differ from crystalline materials, making them useful in various technological applications.