Surgery (Spinal Fusion)

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in the spine, eliminating movement between them. This is done to stabilize the spine, relieve pain, or correct deformities caused by injury, arthritis, or other conditions. During the operation, the surgeon may remove damaged disc material, place bone grafts or implants between vertebrae, and secure them with metal screws or rods. Over time, the bone graft consolidates, fusing the vertebrae into a single, solid bone. This procedure can reduce pain and improve function, but may also limit some spine mobility in the fused segment.