Surface Runoff

Surface runoff is the flow of excess rainwater or melted snow over the ground's surface. It occurs when the ground is saturated or impermeable, meaning it cannot absorb more water. This runoff can collect in streams, rivers, and eventually oceans, affecting water levels and ecosystems. It also plays a crucial role in the water cycle by transporting nutrients and sediments. However, excessive runoff can lead to erosion, water pollution, and flooding, highlighting the importance of managing land use and vegetation to mitigate these impacts.